Manufacturing overview · Typical process
57 mm square flange · 24 / 48 V · 100–200 W
One of the highest-volume BLDC sizes in automation, AGVs, conveyors and fans. Concentrated-winding stator, surface-mounted NdFeB rotor, built-in Hall sensors and an external driver.
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Click a model for full specifications and curves.
| Model | Voltage | Rated power | Rated torque | Rated speed | Current | Rated efficiency | Body length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BLM57050 | 24 V | 63.6 W | 0.16 N·m | 3,798 rpm | 3.32 A | 79.9 % | 80 mm |
| BLM57180 | 36 V | 197 W | 0.57 N·m | 3,306 rpm | 7.31 A | 75 % | 140 mm |
| SB40-30L4 | 48 V | 399 W | 1.27 N·m | 2,999 rpm | 11.9 A | 69.6 % | 71.5 mm |
| 86BL114-30L4 | 48 V | 439 W | 1.4 N·m | 2,996 rpm | 10.8 A | 84.8 % | 114 mm |
| 86BL11548 | 48 V | 666 W | 2.1 N·m | 3,027 rpm | 17 A | 81.6 % | 115 mm |
11 main assembly steps. Each step lists its key equipment and instruments, their main suppliers, and the technical control points.
Electrical-steel coil is punched in a progressive die (slots, ID, OD) and interlocked in-die into cores of the specified stack height.
Technical control points:
Fit the moulded insulation bobbin (end plates) and insert slot liners to insulate windings from the core.
Technical control points:
A needle winder winds concentrated coils tooth by tooth, crosses over in phase sequence and hooks leads to terminals.
Technical control points:
Magnet wire is joined to terminals by fusing or resistance welding; lead wires or connectors are then soldered.
Technical control points:
100% test before impregnation to catch winding defects early.
Technical control points:
Trickle or vacuum impregnation followed by heat curing, improving dielectric strength, heat transfer and vibration resistance.
Technical control points:
Rotor core is pressed onto the shaft; magnets are bonded with dispensed adhesive and cured. High-speed variants may add a stainless sleeve.
Technical control points:
All 8 poles are magnetized in one shot with a multi-pole fixture, followed by surface-field measurement.
Technical control points:
Measure and correct unbalance to reduce vibration and noise.
Technical control points:
Press-fit bearings, insert the stator into the housing, then fit the Hall board, rotor and both end caps.
Technical control points:
100% electrical-safety and performance test, with batch sampling of load characteristics.
Technical control points:
Suppliers are representative examples (international / mainland China), not an exhaustive or endorsed list.
Progressive stamping and in-die interlocking of stator and rotor laminations.
Selection criteria: Tonnage 60–200 t, 200–800 spm, bottom-dead-centre accuracy.
Used in: 1. Lamination stamping & interlocking
Equipment page →Forms and interlocks laminations; determines core accuracy and burr.
Selection criteria: Number of stations, regrind interval, stack-height control method.
Used in: 1. Lamination stamping & interlocking
Equipment page →Verifies dimensions, geometry and runout.
Selection criteria: Measurement uncertainty, probing system.
Used in: 1. Lamination stamping & interlocking
Equipment page →Inserts slot-liner insulation into stator slots.
Selection criteria: Slot geometry range, cycle time, paper forming method.
Used in: 2. Stator insulation
Equipment page →Winds concentrated coils on inner-rotor stators.
Selection criteria: Spindles, wire-diameter range, tension control, layering accuracy.
Used in: 3. Winding
Equipment page →Joins enamelled wire to terminals without pre-stripping.
Selection criteria: Closed-loop control of current, force and time; joint monitoring.
Used in: 4. Terminal connection
Equipment page →Winding resistance, turn-to-turn insulation, hipot and insulation resistance.
Selection criteria: Surge voltage, waveform-comparison algorithm, test cycle time.
Used in: 5. Stator in-process test
Equipment page →Impregnates windings with varnish and cures it for insulation, heat transfer and vibration resistance.
Selection criteria: Vacuum level, heating method (current or oven), temperature profile.
Used in: 6. Impregnation & curing
Equipment page →Rotor-to-shaft and bearing press-fits with force–displacement monitoring.
Selection criteria: Force / displacement resolution, curve evaluation windows.
Used in: 7. Rotor assembly, 10. Final assembly
Equipment page →Applies adhesive for bonding rotor magnets.
Selection criteria: Shot-volume accuracy, 1K / 2K adhesive capability.
Used in: 7. Rotor assembly
Equipment page →Multi-pole magnetizing of rotor magnets, followed by surface-field measurement.
Selection criteria: Stored energy, peak current, fixture pole count and cooling.
Used in: 8. Magnetizing
Equipment page →Measures and corrects rotor unbalance (material removal or addition).
Selection criteria: Minimum achievable residual unbalance, balance grade (e.g. G2.5 / G6.3).
Used in: 9. Rotor balancing
Equipment page →End-of-line electrical safety tests.
Selection criteria: Output voltage, leakage-current resolution.
Used in: 11. End-of-line test
Equipment page →No-load, load, T–N curve, efficiency, back-EMF and Hall-phase testing.
Selection criteria: Torque range and accuracy, speed range, data acquisition.
Used in: 11. End-of-line test
Equipment page →Main raw materials, purchased components and auxiliary materials. ★ marks items critical to performance or cost. Quantities are typical and vary by model.
| Part | Class | Material | Key specification | Qty | Supply chain / regions | Representative suppliers | Process | Tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ★Stator / rotor core | Raw material | Non-oriented Electrical Steel | 50W470 or 50W800, 0.5 mm | Per stack height | Mills are outside the Pearl River Delta (Baosteel, Shougang, Ansteel); Pearl River Delta buyers get slit coil from mill service centres and steel distributors in Foshan (Lecong) and Dongguan, or buy finished cores from stamping houses. Ask for the mill certificate with every coil. | WcanFoshan, HongwangFoshan, Fulwealth SteelDongguan+3 more → | Process → | View → |
| ★Winding | Raw material | Enamelled Copper Wire | Polyesterimide / polyamide-imide overcoat, class 180–200, Ø0.3–0.8 mm | ≈ 0.15–0.35 kg | The Pearl River Delta has its own enamelled-wire makers in Zhuhai, Foshan, Jiangmen and Huizhou, alongside the big Anhui and Jiangsu producers. Local supply shortens lead time; still audit the thermal class and in-line test records per spool. | RonsenZhuhai, Jingda GuangdongFoshan, Suntek WireJiangmen+2 more → | Process → | View → |
| ★Magnets | Raw material | Sintered NdFeB Magnet | N35SH / N38SH (150 °C), arc segments, Ni or Zn plated | 8 pcs | Sintered blocks come mainly from Ningbo, Baotou and Ganzhou; Dongguan, Shenzhen and Jiangmen host magnet makers and finishing plants that cut, grind, coat and magnetise to drawing. Specify grade, coating and Hcj at temperature, and ask which plant sinters the block. | Dawa MagnetDongguan, Jiada MagnetDongguan, Courage MagnetDongguan+6 more → | Process → | View → |
| Shaft | Raw material | Motor Shaft | SUS420J2 or C45 steel, ground, Ø8 h6 extension | 1 | Dongguan is the Pearl River Delta centre for precision turned and ground shafts, with many CNC-turning and centreless-grinding shops serving the local motor industry. Check the h6 bearing-seat grinding capability and run-out inspection, not just turning. | Sanfeng ShaftsDongguan, LongmingDongguan, DayueDongguan | Process → | View → |
| ★Bearings | Purchased component | Deep-groove Ball Bearing | 608ZZ / 6000ZZ / 6001ZZ, C3 clearance, low-noise grease | 2 | Bearing factories are mostly outside the Pearl River Delta (Zhejiang, Liaoning, Henan, Japan); the Pearl River Delta has brand sales offices in Guangzhou and Shenzhen and local makers of miniature bearings in Dongguan and Shenzhen. Buy branded bearings only through authorised channels to avoid counterfeits. | NSKGuangzhou, Fitrun BearingDongguan, Kentie BearingDongguan+6 more → | Process → | View → |
| Housing | Raw material | Aluminium Extruded Housing | 6063-T5, anodized | 1 | Foshan (Nanhai, Dali) is China's largest aluminium-extrusion cluster, with more in Zhaoqing and Jiangmen; most extruded motor housings in South China are made there. Machining of the bore and spigot is often done by a second shop — agree who owns concentricity. | Honstar AluminumFoshan, Guoyao AluminiumZhaoqing, Kam KiuJiangmen | Process → | View → |
| Front / rear end caps | Raw material | Die-cast Aluminium End Cap | ADC12, finish-machined bearing seats | 2 | Foshan, Zhuhai and Dongguan have many high-pressure die-casters, from listed auto-parts groups to small motor-cap shops. Ask for X-ray porosity checks at the bearing seat and whether machining is done in-house. | JinjuqiweiFoshan, WencanFoshan, KingrunZhuhai+1 more → | Process → | View → |
| Insulation bobbin & slot liner | Auxiliary material | Insulation Bobbin & Slot Liner | Bobbin PA66+GF UL94 V-0; slot liner DMD / NMN, class F | 1 set | Shenzhen and Huizhou have makers of insulation films, sleeving and moulded bobbins; slot liners (DMD, NMN, PET film) are also stocked by Dongguan distributors. Confirm the thermal class matches the insulation system and keep UL file numbers on record. | FuweiHuizhou, WoerShenzhen, JDDShenzhen | Process → | View → |
| Impregnating varnish | Auxiliary material | Impregnating Varnish | Polyesterimide or epoxy, class F / H, 1K | Per pick-up | International varnish makers run Pearl River Delta offices and blending sites (Zhuhai), and Foshan and Zhuhai have domestic insulating-resin producers. Choose varnish and process together — the supplier's process support matters as much as the product. | ELANTASZhuhai, DRDFoshan, ChangxianZhuhai+1 more → | — | View → |
| ★Hall sensor board (PCBA) | Sub-assembly | Hall Sensor Board (PCBA) | 3 latch-type Hall ICs on an FR-4 board, mounted at the stator end | 1 | SMT / EMS subcontractors in the Pearl River Delta (Shenzhen, Dongguan) and the Yangtze River Delta; many motor makers run their own small SMT line. | KingbrotherShenzhen, KaifaShenzhen, EDADOCShenzhen+1 more → | Process → | View → |
| Lead wires & connectors | Purchased component | Lead Wires & Connectors | UL1007 / UL3266; Molex, JST or compatible | 1 set | Shenzhen and Dongguan are a major cluster for wire, harness and connector makers, including offices of international connector brands. Ask for crimp-force monitoring and pull-test records on terminated leads. | MolexShenzhen, WoerShenzhen, XSD CableDongguan+2 more → | Process → | View → |
| Magnet adhesive | Auxiliary material | Magnet Bonding Adhesive | Structural / anaerobic, rated ≥ 150 °C | Small amount | Huizhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen have domestic structural-adhesive makers that supply motor magnet bonding, next to local offices of international brands. Ask for shear strength at operating temperature and run a trial on your own rotor. | KafuterHuizhou, MaxAdhesiveDongguan, YaonengShenzhen+2 more → | — | View → |
| Fasteners & small parts | Auxiliary material | Fasteners & Small Parts | Screws, keys, wave washers, circlips; stainless or zinc plated | 1 set | Dongguan and Shenzhen have many fastener makers and specialists in retaining rings and wave washers for small motors, so standard parts no longer have to come from Wenzhou or Ningbo. Check plating and hardness certificates per lot. | JinyiDongguan, LiangguDongguan, Lock TechnologyShenzhen+3 more → | Process → | View → |
How each key raw material and purchased component is made: process steps, the equipment and instruments used at each step with their main suppliers, and the technical control points. Click a material to expand.
Steelmaking & vacuum degassing → Hot rolling → Pickling & cold rolling → Continuous annealing → Insulation coating → Testing & slitting
Hot metal is refined in a converter, then RH-degassed to ultra-low carbon; silicon and aluminium are added to the target grade.
Technical control points:
Slabs are reheated and rolled into hot-rolled coils of about 2 mm.
Technical control points:
Scale is removed and the strip is cold-rolled to final gauge (0.50 / 0.35 mm).
Technical control points:
Recrystallization annealing in a protective atmosphere grows grains to the size that minimises core loss.
Technical control points:
A thin inorganic / organic insulation coating is applied and cured to limit interlaminar eddy currents and aid punchability.
Technical control points:
Magnetic properties are tested per coil, then coils are slit to the stamping width.
Technical control points:
Rod drawing → In-line annealing → Enamelling & curing → Lubrication, in-line testing & spooling
8 mm oxygen-free copper rod is drawn through successive diamond dies to the target diameter.
Technical control points:
Resistance annealing restores ductility after drawing.
Technical control points:
Base coat (polyesterimide) and overcoat (polyamide-imide) are applied in many thin passes, each cured in the oven.
Technical control points:
A surface lubricant is applied for winding, diameter and film faults are tested continuously, and wire is spooled.
Technical control points:
Melting & strip casting → Hydrogen decrepitation → Jet milling → Field orientation & pressing → Cold isostatic pressing → Sintering & ageing → Machining → Surface coating → Final inspection
Nd/Pr, Dy/Tb, Fe, B and additives are vacuum-induction melted and cast onto a water-cooled wheel into thin flakes.
Technical control points:
Flakes absorb hydrogen and crack along grain boundaries into coarse powder, followed by dehydrogenation.
Technical control points:
Coarse powder is milled in nitrogen to fine single-crystal particles.
Technical control points:
Powder is aligned in a strong magnetic field and pressed into blocks inside a protective glove box.
Technical control points:
Sealed green blocks are pressed isostatically to raise and even out density.
Technical control points:
Blocks are vacuum-sintered at about 1,050–1,100 °C, then aged in one or two stages to develop coercivity.
Technical control points:
Blocks are sliced, ground or wire-cut into arc segments, then chamfered and cleaned.
Technical control points:
Ni-Cu-Ni electroplating, zinc or epoxy coating protects the magnet from corrosion.
Technical control points:
Magnetic properties, dimensions and appearance are checked per lot.
Technical control points:
Bar cutting → CNC turning & keyway / D-cut → Heat treatment → Cylindrical grinding → Cleaning, rust protection & inspection
Cold-drawn or ground bar stock (SUS420J2 / C45) is cut to length.
Technical control points:
Shoulders, grooves and the shaft extension are turned; the keyway or D-cut is milled.
Technical control points:
Quench and temper (or induction hardening of bearing seats) for strength and wear resistance.
Technical control points:
Bearing seats and the shaft extension are ground to h6 tolerance.
Technical control points:
Parts are cleaned, rust-protected and inspected before packing.
Technical control points:
Ring forging & turning → Heat treatment → Grinding → Superfinishing → Cleaning, assembly, greasing & sealing → Vibration & noise test
GCr15 (52100) bearing steel is forged or turned into ring blanks.
Technical control points:
Through-hardening and tempering to about HRC 60–64.
Technical control points:
Faces, outer diameter, bore and raceways are ground.
Technical control points:
Raceways are superfinished for low roughness and low noise.
Technical control points:
Rings and balls are cleaned, matched for clearance, assembled with the cage, greased and shielded.
Technical control points:
Every bearing is spun and its vibration measured to classify the grade.
Technical control points:
Billet heating & extrusion → Stretching, cutting & ageing → CNC machining → Anodizing
6063 billets are heated and extruded through a die into the square housing profile, quenched at the press.
Technical control points:
Profiles are stretched straight, cut to length and artificially aged to T5.
Technical control points:
Spigot, bore, mounting holes and slots are machined.
Technical control points:
Parts are anodized (and optionally dyed) for corrosion protection and appearance.
Technical control points:
Melting & degassing → High-pressure die casting → Trimming & porosity inspection → CNC machining
ADC12 ingot is melted and degassed to reduce hydrogen porosity.
Technical control points:
Molten alloy is injected into the steel die at high speed and pressure.
Technical control points:
Gates and overflows are trimmed; castings are sampled by X-ray for porosity.
Technical control points:
Bearing seat, spigot and mounting faces are finish-machined.
Technical control points:
Resin drying → Injection moulding → Inspection
PA66+GF pellets are dried before moulding.
Technical control points:
Bobbins (end plates) are moulded, optionally with insert-moulded terminals.
Technical control points:
Dimensions, appearance and flammability conformance are checked.
Technical control points:
Solder-paste printing & SPI → Placement & reflow → AOI & electrical test → Lead-wire soldering & final inspection
Solder paste is printed through a stencil and its volume inspected.
Technical control points:
Hall ICs and passives are placed and reflow-soldered.
Technical control points:
Joints are optically inspected and boards functionally tested before depaneling.
Technical control points:
Lead wires are soldered to the board pads, sleeved or potted, and each board is checked before it goes to motor assembly.
Technical control points:
Cut, strip & crimp → Crimp verification → Housing insertion & continuity test
Wires are cut and stripped, and terminals crimped automatically.
Technical control points:
Cross-sections and pull tests verify each setup and lot.
Technical control points:
Terminals are inserted into connector housings and the harness is continuity-tested.
Technical control points:
Cold heading & thread rolling → Heat treatment & surface treatment → Optical sorting
Wire is cold-formed into screw blanks and threads are rolled.
Technical control points:
Parts are hardened as required, then zinc-plated or passivated.
Technical control points:
100% sorting removes dimensional and visual defects.
Technical control points:
Materials without a process here (bought-in chemicals, chips and some purchased components) are covered by incoming inspection and approval tests only.
Material-level tests are used for incoming inspection and supplier approval (PPAP / sample approval); motor-level tests for product validation (DV / PV). Conditions and criteria depend on the application and customer specification.
Applies to: Stator / rotor core
Applies to: Winding
Applies to: Magnets
Applies to: Shaft
Applies to: Bearings
Applies to: Housing
Applies to: Front / rear end caps
Applies to: Insulation bobbin & slot liner
Applies to: Impregnating varnish
Applies to: Hall sensor board (PCBA)
Applies to: Lead wires & connectors
Applies to: Magnet adhesive
Applies to: Fasteners & small parts
| Test | Standard / condition |
|---|---|
| High-temperature operation and low-temperature start | IEC 60068-2-1 / -2-2 |
| Temperature cycling / thermal shock | IEC 60068-2-14 |
| Damp heat, steady state (e.g. 85 °C / 85% RH) | IEC 60068-2-78 |
| Salt spray | IEC 60068-2-11 |
| Sinusoidal / random vibration | IEC 60068-2-6 / -2-64 |
| Mechanical shock | IEC 60068-2-27 |
| Temperature-rise test | IEC 60034-1 |
| IP protection rating | IEC 60529 |
| Hipot and insulation resistance | IEC 60034-1 |
| Locked rotor and overload | Per customer specification |
| Endurance test (continuous rated load) | Per customer specification, typically 3,000–20,000 h |
| Noise and vibration | ISO 1680, IEC 60034-14 |
Low-voltage motor without electronics: Assumes a low-voltage motor (up to 48 V) without built-in electronics, exported as a component. An integrated driver or the end use (medical, automotive…) changes the requirements.
Listed alphabetically, not in order of preference. Confirm accreditation scope with each body.
Cost analysis, supplier sourcing and audits, production-line planning and equipment selection, and export certification planning — consulting by a senior motor engineer.
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